Globalisation
(or globalisation) is the process of international integration
arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas and
other aspects of culture. Advances in transportation, such as the
steam locomotive, steamship,jet engine, and container ship, and in
telecommunications infrastructure, including the rise of the
telegraph and its modern offspring, the Internet, and mobile phones,
have been major factors in globalisation, generating further
interdependence of economic and cultural activities. Though scholars
place the origins of globalisation in modern times, others trace its
history long before the European Age of Discovery and voyages to the
New World. Some even trace the origins to the third millennium BCE.
Large-scale globalisation began in the 19th century.In the late 19th
century and early 20th century, the connectedness of the world's
economies and cultures grew very quickly.
The concept of globalisation 'emerged from the intersection of four interrelated sets of "communities of practice": academics, journalists, publishers/editors, and librarians. In 2000, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) identified four basic aspects of globalisation: trade and transactions, capital and investment movements, migration and movement of people, and the dissemination of knowledge.Further, environmental challenges such as global warming, cross-boundary water and air pollution, and over-fishing of the ocean are linked with globalization. Globalizing processes affect and are affected by business and work organisation, economics, socio-cultural resources, and the natural environment.
